20-Tue-May-2025
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Author :
Dr. Qurat ul Ain
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BUMS
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the walls of your arteries is consistently too high. This can occur over many years without noticeable symptoms, which is why it’s often referred to as a "silent" condition. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number, measuring the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the lower number, measuring the pressure when the heart rests between beats).
Normal blood pressure is usually around 120/80 mmHg. If your blood pressure consistently exceeds 140/90 mmHg, it’s considered high. Hypertension is typically diagnosed after multiple readings over time, as a single high reading may be due to temporary factors like stress or physical activity.
What are the Types of Hypertension?
Hypertension can be classified into two main types: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
- Primary (Essential) Hypertension
Primary hypertension is the most common form, affecting the majority of people with high blood pressure. This type develops gradually over many years and typically has no identifiable cause.
- Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying health issue, such as kidney disease, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications. This form of hypertension is less common but can be more severe if the root cause is not addressed.
What Causes Hypertension:
- Unhealthy Diet
- Lack of Physical Activity
- Obesity
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- Smoking
- Stress
- Genetic Factors
- Medical Conditions
- Certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing hypertension. These include:
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Sleep Apnoea
- Diabetes
- Hormonal Disorders
- Age and Gender
What are the Symptoms of Hypertension?
- Frequent headaches
- Dizziness or feeling faint
- Blurred or double vision
- Chest pain or tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
- Fatigue or confusion
How is Hypertension Managed?
- Lifestyle Changes
- Eat in a heart-friendly way
- Stay active
- Keep a healthy weight
- Cut down on alcohol and quit smoking
- Relax the blood vessels
- Remove extra salt and fluid from the body
- Reduce how hard the heart has to work
Regular Check-up and Follow Up
Managing hypertension is not a one-time effort. Even after blood pressure improves, regular follow-ups are important to make sure it stays within a healthy range. Doctors may recommend checking blood pressure at home in between visits, especially for those already on treatment. Keeping a record of these readings can help spot any sudden changes early.
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